【理科】Biology Terminology Part 2 (M to Z)

 

第二部分的biology terminology 已经发布咯！大家记得收藏起来，以方便以后查询！

PS: 如果还没查阅第一部分 (A-L) 的同学们也可以点击部落格的理科专区哦！

M

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
macr-, macro-	big, large	macrophage
mal-	bad, ill	malnutrition, malignant
-malacia	softening	osteomalacia
mamm-	breast	mammal, mammary gland
marg-	edge	marginal
mast-	breast	mastocyte
medic-	heal	medical, medicine
mega-	big	megasporangium
-mer	part	polymer
mela-, melan-	black, dark	melanocyte
meso-, mid	middle, intermediate	mesocephalic, mesoderm, midbrain
met-, meta-	after, beyond, between	metaphase
meta-	change, transformation, exchange	metamorphosis
metal-, metallo-	metal	metalloid
-metry	process of measuring	spectrophotometry
mi-, meio-, mio-	less, smaller	meiosis
micro-	small	microscope, microorganism
mis-	wrong, opposite, improper	missense
mis-, mit-	send	transmission, neurotransmitter
mito-	thread	mitosis, mitochondria
mono-	one, single, sole	monocyte, monosaccharide
morph-	form, shape, type, structure	morphology, metamorphosis
mort-, morto-	death	immortal
mot-	move	motility, motor
muc-	mucus	mucosa
multi	many	multiorgan failure
musc-	muscle	muscularis
mut-, muta-	change	mutation, mutagenesis
my-, myo-	muscle	myocardium, myofibril
mycel-	threadlike	mycelium
myco-	fungus	mycology, mycobacterium

N

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
nas-	nose	nasal
necro-	dead	necrosis
nemat-	thread	nematocyst
nephro-	kidney	epinephrine, nephron
neuro-	nerve, related to nervous system	neurotransmitter, neurone
neutro-	neutral, neither	neutrophil
nomen-	name	nomenclature
nucle-	nucleus	nucleoplasm
nutri-	nourish	nutrition

 

O

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
o-, or-	mouth	oral
ob-, oc-	against, in front of	obstruction
oct-	eight	octopus
-odont, odont-	teeth	orthodontic, odontology
-oid	similar to, resembling	lipoid
olfact-	smell	olfactory
-ole	small	bronchiole
oligo-	few, little	oligosaccharide
omni-	all	omnivore
-oma	tumor, cancer, fluid retention	carcinoma, lymphoma
onco-	cancer	oncology
oo-, ov-, ovul-	egg	oocyte, ovum, ovulation, oviduct
opt-	eye	optic, optometrist
orb-	circle	orbital
orth-	straight, correct	Orthoptera, orthodontic
-ose	sugar, full of	pentose, adipose
-osis, -otic	condition	acidosis, necrotic
osteo-	bone	osteoblast,
oscu-	mouth	osculum
oto-	ear	otoplasty, otology
-otomy	incision, surgical cut	autonomy
-ous	pertaining to, full of	intravenous, porous
oxy-	oxygen	oxyhaemoglobin

 

P

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
palm-	broad, flat	palmate
par-, para-	beside, near, along, abnormal	parathyroid, paralysis
partheno-	virgin	parthenogenesis
-partum	birth, labor	postpartum
patho-, -pathy	disease	pathology, neuropathy
ped-	foot	pedipalp
-penia	lack, deficiency	leukopenia
per-	through	percutaneous
peri-	around, surround	pericycle, pericardium
phago-	pertaining to eating, swallowing or consuming	phagocytosis
pharmac-	drug	pharmaceutical
-philia, -phil-	love, strong attraction	haemophilia, basophil, hydrophilic
-phobia	scared, fear of	hydrophobic, acrophobia
photo-	light	photosynthesis, photoreceptor
phren-	diaphragm, region around the heart	phrenic nerve
phyl-	phylum, group	phylogeny
-phyll	leaf	chlorophyll
physic-	nature	physiology
phyto-, -phyte	plant	phytohormone, bryophyte
pino-	drink	pinocytosis
-plasm, -plast-	substance of a cell to shape, tissue	cytoplasm
platy-	flat	Platyhelminthes, platypus
pleur-	lung, rib	pleural membrane
-ploid	number of chromosome pair	haploid, diploid
pneumo-	lung	pneumonia
poly-	many	polymer, polysaccharide
-port-	carry	antiporter
post-	after, behind	postganglionic
pre-	before	presynaptic, prenatal
pri-	first	primitive
pro-, proto-	first, before, primitive	prokaryote, protostome
pseudo-	false	pseudopodium, pseudocoelomate
psycho-	mental	psychology
pulmo-	lung	pulmonary

 

R

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
radi-	radius	radial
radio-	radioactivity	radioactive
re-	again, back	reabsorption, reproduce
ren-	kidney	adrenal, renal
respir-	breath	respiratory
ret-	net, web	reticular
retro-	back, backward	retroperitoneal
rhag-, -rrhage	burst, forth, pour	haemorrhage
rhino-	nose	rhinorrhea
-rrhea	flow, discharge	diarrhea, rhinorrhea
rhiz-	root, rootlike	rhizoid
rupt-	to break	rupture

 

S

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
sacchar-	sugar	monosaccharide
sapr-	rotten, decay	saprotroph
sarc-	flesh	sarcoplasm
scler-	hard	sclerosis
-scope	instrument for observation or examination	microscope, stethoscope
-sect	cut	bisect, dissect
semi-	half, partially	semilunar, semipermeable
sept-	partition	septum
-sis	condition	acidosis
-sol	solution	cytosol
som-, somat-, -some	body	somatic cell, chromosome
somn-	sleep	insomnia
spec-	look	spectrophotometry
spir-	breathe	spiracle
-stasis	maintenance of a constant state	homeostasis
stereo-	3 dimensional	stereoisomer
stoma-, -stome	mouth, opening	stomata, stomatitis, protostome
sub-	below, under, less than normal	subcutaneous, subclavian
supra-, super-, sur-	over, above, on top	suprarenal, superficial, surface
sym-, syn-	together, with	symporter, symbiosis, synthesis
systol-	contraction	systolic

 

T

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
tarso-	ankle	tarsal
tax-	arrange in order	taxonomy
telo-	end, the tip	telophase, telomere
-tension	pressure	hypertension
terr-	land	terrestrial
tetra-	four	tetrapod
thall-	young shoot	thallus
-therapy, therapeut-	treatment	physiotherapy, therapeutical
therm-	heat	thermophile, thermometer
thorac-	chest	thoracic
thrombo-	coagulation, clot	thrombus, thrombosis
-tic	pertaining to	enzymatic
-tom, -tomy	cut, section	anatomy
tox-, -toxic	poison	neurotoxin
trans-	across, through	translocation, transfusion
-trop	turn, change	phototropism
-troph	feed on, nourishment	heterotroph
-tropin	stimulate, act on	human chorionic gonadotropin

 

U

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
ultra-	beyond, excess	ultrafiltration
-ule	small, little	capsule, globule, molecule
-um	structure, tissue, thing	endocardium
uni-	one, single	unilateral
ur-	urine	urinary
-uria	urine condition	glycosuria

 

V

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
vas-	vessel, duct	vasodilation
vascul-	blood	vascular
vect-	carry	vector
ventr-	belly	ventral
vig-	strong	vigorous
vit-	life	vital
-vor-	eat, devour	carnivore

 

X

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
xanth-	yellow	xanthophyll
xero-	dry	xerophyte
xyl-	wood	xylum

 

Z

Prefixes/ Suffixes	Meaning	Example
zo-	animal life	zoology
zon-	an encircling area or structure, belt-like	zona pellucida
zygo-	yoke (egg + sperm)	zygote, heterozygous
zym-, -zyme	enzyme	zymogen, lysozyme